SCIENTISTS/INVENTORS
JAN JANSKÝ was a serologist (serology is the study of blood serum), neurologist and psychiatrist. Janský was the first scientist to classify blood into the four types (A, B, AB, O). His discovery was almost overlooked, but was found by an American medical commission in 1921. Janský was awarded a posthumous Nobel Prize for this work in 1930.
OTTO WICHTERLE was a world-famous scientist and inventor whose field was in macromolecular organic chemistry. His main scientific contributions were the development of soft contact lenses and the discovery of nylon fibers.
JAN EVANGELISTA PURKYNĚ was a physician and natural scientist, whose name is known around the world for his findings that human cells are the basis of human life, and that finger prints are able to identify specific individuals. He also discovered human sweat glands and how light affects the pupils in our eyes. In addition, Purkynĕ discovered heart fibers, and studied the structures in the human brain—known as Purkynĕ cells. He made more discoveries about the human body that are too numerous to list here. Along with being a scientist, Purkynĕ also was quite a supporter of the Czech national revival in the 18th and 19th centuries.
POLITICIANS
VÁCLAV HAVEL was a playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician.
Havel was the ninth and last president of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992) and the first president of the Czech Republic (1993–2003). He wrote more than 20 plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally. He was one of the most important figures of our Velvet Revolution in 1989, which brought down the communism here. Havel received many recognitions, including the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Gandhi Peace Prize, the Philadelphia Liberty Medal, the Order of Canada, the freedom medal of the Four Freedoms Award, and the Ambassador of Conscience Award.
MADELEINE ALBRIGHT (born as Marie Jana Korbelová) was the first woman to become a United States Secretary of State. Appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1996, she came up the ranks from being campaign fund-raiser to a security adviser to a UN ambassador. In 2001, she left her position to found the Albright Group, an international consulting firm. She also sits on the board of directors for the Council on Foreign Relations.
TOMÁŠ GARRIGUE MASARYK. He founded Czechoslovak democracy and believed in individual responsibility. He asserted that small nations had a vital role to play in Europe and was convinced they could contribute to the world as a whole. This philosopher, scholar and politician stressed practical ethics and exposed Czechs and Slovaks to what were then the most contemporary advancements in science, humanities and world literature. He promoted religion as a source of morality. And he was the first president of Czechoslovakia (1918 - 1935).
SPORT / OTHER
MILOŠ FORMAN is a director, screenwriter, and professor, who since 1968 has lived and worked primarily outside the former Czechoslovakia and the present Czech Republic. Forman was one of the most important directors of the Czechoslovak New Wave.
Since Forman left Czechoslovakia, two of his films, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Amadeus, have acquired particular renown, both gaining him an Academy Award for Best Director. He was also nominated for a Best Director Oscar for The People vs. Larry Flynt. He has also won Golden Globe, Cannes, Berlinale, BAFTA, Cesar, David di Donatello, European Film Academy, and Czech Lion awards.
IVAN LENDL is a former World No. 1 professional tennis player. Originally from Czechoslovakia, he became a United States citizen in 1992. He was one of the game's most dominant players in the 1980s and remained a top competitor into the early 1990s. He has been described as one of the greatest tennis players of all time. Lendl's game relied particularly on strength and heavy topspin from the baseline and helped usher in the modern era of "power tennis". Lendl captured eight Grand Slam singles titles. He competed in 19 Grand Slam singles finals, a record surpassed by Roger Federer in 2009. He reached at least one Grand Slam final for 11 consecutive years, a record shared with Pete Sampras, with the male primacy of 8 consecutive finals in a slam tournament (a record shared with Bill Tilden at US Open). Before the formation of the ATP Lendl reached a record 12 year-end championships (equaled by John McEnroe). He won two WCT Finals titles and five Masters Grand Prix titles, with the record of 9 consecutive finals. He also won a record 22 Championship Series titles (1980–89) the precursors to the current ATP Masters 1000.
MARTINA NAVRÁTILOVÁ is a retired Czech American tennis player and coach, and a former World No. 1. Billie Jean King said about Navratilova in 2006, "She's the greatest singles, doubles and mixed doubles player who's ever lived."
Originally from Czechoslovakia, she was stripped of her citizenship when, in 1975 at the age of 18, she asked the United States for political asylum and was granted temporary residency. Navratilova became a US citizen in 1981, and on January 9, 2008, she had her Czech citizenship restored. When not playing tennis, Navratilova is involved with various charities that benefit animal rights, underprivileged children, and gay rights.
EMIL ZÁTOPEK was a Czech long-distance runner best known for winning three gold medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He won gold in the 5000 metres and 10,000 metres runs, but his final medal came when he decided at the last minute to compete in the first marathon of his life. He was nicknamed the "Czech Locomotive" for his multiple golds.
Zátopek was the first athlete to break the 29-minute barrier in the 10 km run (in 1954). Three years earlier, in 1951, he had broken the hour for running 20 km. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest runners of the 20th century and was also known for his brutally tough training methods.
PETR ČECH is a Czech footballer who plays for Chelsea and the Czech Republic as a goalkeeper. Čech previously played for Chmel Blšany, Sparta Prague, and Rennes. He was voted into the all-star team of Euro 2004 after helping his country reach the semi-finals. Čech also received the individual award of Best Goalkeeper in the 2004–05, 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons of the UEFA Champions League. In addition, he was named in the FIFPro and UEFA Champions League teams of the season in 2006. He currently holds the Premier League record for fewest appearances required to reach 100 clean sheets, having done so in 180 league appearances. He also holds a Czech professional league record of not conceding a goal in 903 competitive minutes.
JAROMÍR JÁGR is a Czech professional ice hockey right winger. Jágr is the most productive European-born player who ever played in the NHL and he is considered one of the best players of all time. Jágr has formerly played with the Pittsburgh Penguins, Washington Capitals, New York Rangers and Philadelphia Flyers; serving as captain of the Penguins and the Rangers. After leaving the Rangers, Jágr played for three seasons in the Kontinental Hockey League with Avangard Omsk before returning to the NHL with the Flyers. He is one of a small group of hockey players to have won the Stanley Cup (1991, 1992), the Ice Hockey World Championships (2005, 2010), and the Olympic gold medal in ice hockey (1998). This is known as the Triple Gold Club, and Jágr is one of only two Czech players (the other being Jiří Šlégr) in the Triple Gold club, the 15th player to complete it out of 25 total, as of June 2010.
DOMINIK HAŠEK is a retired legendary ice hockey goaltender. In his 16-season National Hockey League (NHL) career, he played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Buffalo Sabres, Detroit Red Wings and the Ottawa Senators. During his years in Buffalo, he became one of the league's finest goaltenders, earning him the nickname "The Dominator". His strong play has been credited with establishing European goaltenders in a league widely dominated by North Americans. Hašek was one of the league's most successful goaltenders of the 1990s and early 2000s. From 1993 to 2001, he won six Vezina Trophies. In 1998 he won his second consecutive Hart Memorial Trophy, becoming the first goaltender to win the award multiple times. During the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, he led the Czech national ice hockey team to its first and only Olympic gold medal. Hašek is regarded as a future Hall of Famer by those in the hockey world. At the time of his retirement, he was the oldest active goalie in the NHL at 43.
To be continued...